Civic hacking: A New Agenda for E-democracy

Hacker is describe as someone with the knowledge to access some personal data and information of other individuals without thier consent. in my opinion, everyone in this world can be a hacker, as long as if you have the IT intelligence of the network operations, you too can be a hacker. there are different types of hackers in the world, some hackers hack people's facebook or social websites to use it for thier own personal gains like spreading offensive posts so that the person's reputation is ruin or to gain some personal information of the person so that they can plan or conduct actions on them. they causes more distress and problems for the individuals which was hacked because they are not aware of the problem which they have been hacked, and only think that its a glitch or server problem that will occur time to time on the network.

Hacker's culture is that they spend endless amount of thier time facing the computer so that they can learn more on the database, this helps them to improve themselves in hacking so that they can be more stealth in the network and not be caught in the act by the authorities or people with power in the network. Hackers can be classifies into black hackers and white hackers. Black hackers are people who hacks for personal information or classified information so that they can use it for their own personal gains while white hackers are individuals that uses the information they gain so that they can help people to solve their problems or to asist people on the network if needed to.

E-democracy in the article in meant by the rules and regulations that has been set by the network creators to monitor or govern the uses and access of the particular network. hackers are not satisfied with the rules and regulations set by them which limits their access and therefore are forced to hack into the main system so that they can remove these limitations and broaden their access domain so that they can expand their domains in the network.